Cycling community Archives

12/05/201909/03/2021

Happy Fearful Mother’s Day Cycling Mums!

Today is Mother’s Day.

The idea of Mother’s Day is to honour mothers for all they have done.

Traditionally, family members give flowers, cards and gifts, or make mums breakfast in bed or take them out for lunch. Or something that is similarly supportive and nice.

I went online to see what was being peddled specifically for ‘cycling mums’.

I expected to see the normal product-pushing commercial crap (which was all there of course), but then I saw an article I found very disturbing.

It was on BikeRoar, a website touted as being an independent product resource website devoted to helping cyclists #BuyLocal – fair enough.

Published last year under the section heading TECH TIPS, it was written by Australian cyclist Jayne Rutter and titled 11 Mother’s Day gifts for cycling mums.

The list of 11 gift ideas looked innocent enough.

The first item was a water bottle.
The second was a free massage.
The third was a book.
The fourth ‘a 2-hour leave pass from the kids’ to ride to a local café
The fifth was a Run Angel Personal Safety Device

…………..and it was the last one that stopped me.

Happy Fearful Mother's Day Cycling Mums! Bicycles Create Change.com. 12th May, 2019. — Image: BikeRoar’s #5 top gift for Mothers Day

I didn’t read on.

There is so much wrong with this list.

First, the article is listed under ‘Tech Tips’. It has 11 items, but only one (#5 above) is actually a tech product. There is a Garmin mount (#6), but not the actual Garmin. Odd. I sincerely hope this is not because of some preconditioned, subtle, habitual, gender stereotype like women aren’t good at tech…. 1 out of 11?

But more than that, it was the actual product #5 itself I found unsettling.

I appreciate that this product comes from a place of concern.

But its very existence is a recognition that abuse of women is so widespread that no woman is safe – at any time.

Violence against women has become so commonplace that giving a personal safety alarm to our mothers is one of the top five gifts we can get her. Really? Top five. I find that so disturbing.

Have we become so accepting and desensitised that violence against women occurs so regularly that we are equipping our mothers with panic alarms – for when they ride their bikes in broad day light!

What the hell!!

Do you know any male cyclists who wear panic alarms?

I find it disconcerting that most people would not see, or question how disempowering for women this seemingly harmless Mother’s Day list and the giving of a personal alarm is. And therein lies the issue.

Female bike riders are at risk

It can be hard to recognise and understand the scale of abuse women experience.

Women face physical and sexual abuse all the time.

Women constantly get unwanted comments, looks, sniggers, honks and disparaging, offensive, sexualised remarks like ‘I’d hold a knife to that’ (said by two men walking past Laura Bates*). We live in a society where ‘I feel rapey’ t-shirts are now sold on Ebay.*

If you think I’m over-exaggerating, have a look at the Everyday Sexism Project*.

As a woman, riding a bike makes you a target.

Or running.

Or walking a dog.

Or going to school.

Or going to the shops.

Or………………. well, you get the picture.

It can be challenging for the amazing men in our lives to understand the extent and danger to physical safety that just being a female is.

Just because you might not see it or experience it yourself, does not mean it is not happening.

Women routinely feel unsafe. We live in a culture where women are culturally trained to fear men, being outside, being mobile, being in public and being alone.

Verbal attacks, sexual assault, rape and street harassment are commonplace. Just ask a female friend or family member about getting public transport after dark.

Aside from all these issues, the personal alarm is also problematic because it puts the responsibility of criminal behaviour on the (would-be) victims. Women. As Laura Kipnis points out “I can think of no better way to subjugate women than to convince us that assault is around every corner”.

We place the responsibility of persistent and immediate danger on women, who then restrict their movements, reduce activities and live in a perpetual state of anxiety. That’s control.

Yup, the epitome of a modern, free, independent woman.

Another issue is that the personal alarm suggests that women are unsafe only when out of the house – like when riding a bike – and that attacks are only perpetrated on the street by strangers. Yes, this happens a lot, but it is not the full picture.

The idea that women are only unsafe in public is a fallacy.

A Personal Safety Survey conducted in 2012 by the Australian Bureau of Statistics indicated that most instances of violence against women were perpetrated by someone known to them: around 74% of women who had experienced violence in the last 12 months, and 87% of women who had experienced violence since the age of 15, reported that the perpetrator was someone they know.^[8]

Abuse of female cyclists occurs every day

Women know this abuse happens, but sadly, most men are unaware of the extent and impact gender and sexual harassment have on females and female cyclists.

A few recent news pieces have tried to highlight the issue:

So, this Mother’s Day was frustrating.

I am angry that the happiness and warmth that should be the focus for Mother’s Day is undermined by seemingly ‘nice and thoughtful’ gifts which are actually unchecked, unspoken and unseen consequences of the misogynistic control and abuse of women.

Perhaps a more apt sentiment for today is Happy Fearful Mother’s Day Cycling Mums!

I have hope though.

There are many amazing women and men who call out any behaviour that would make a mother, any woman, or any person, feel uncomfortable.

I salute these people.

I hope our cycling community shows it’s strength, voice and action to make sure ALL riders, including women, are made to feel welcomed, safe and respected every time they ride.

Perhaps then, we’ll have no need of panic alarms for female cyclists.

Here’s to hoping.

Have a safe Mother’s Day all.

Resources:

*Bates, L. (2018). Misogynation: The True Scale of Sexism. London, UK: Simon and Schuster.
Violence Against Women Australia 2017
Rape and Domestic violence Services Australia: Research Reports and Statistics

08/05/201919/05/2019

Transferring Alison’s sailing insights to BikeHack19

My last post was an invitation to Brisbane’s upcoming BikeHack19 event. I have had a lot of interesting responses and conversations with friends and colleagues about this event and suggestions for pitches.

I asked Alison Turner, a dear friend, if she would like to come to BikeHack19 with me.

Alison and I have worked on a number of creative projects before. She not only has a head for business and project managing, but she is a skilled artist in her own right and I have called on her (many times!) when working on this-or-that thing either to cast her discerning eye over an idea, to practically help solve a design issue or just to join in making whatever it is I’m working on.

She is great company, a skilled artist, a flexible thinker and killer at scrabble – everything you want in a project buddy!

Unfortunately though, Alison can’t come to BikeHack19.

But the offer got her thinking.

Alison worked for Australia Sailing for many years and was in charge of training and increasing participation in sailing in Queensland. So unbeknownst to me, she set her business prowess and program insights to good work. After doing some research of her own, she used her experience promoting sailing participation to the BikeHack19 cycling challenge and brainstormed some ideas.

The next time I saw Alison, she presented me with her brainstorm (see below) and explained it in detail – it was spot on.

Transferring Alison’s sailing insights to BikeHack19. Bicycles Create Change.com. 8th May, 2019. — Alison and her BikeHack19 brainstorm.

We chatted about the similarities in crossover of participation issues between sailing and cycling – and how much transferability there was between the two sports.

I love having people like Alison in our community. She is an example of those who not only freely give their time and ideas to friends, but who are equally excited to apply the same effort and passion to building a more cohesive and active community – what a gift!

I am very appreciative to Alison.

Thanks so much for your ideas and time!

I will definitely be taking these ideas to BikeHack19.

Alison’s initial brainstorm

Key organizations:

Sport Aus/Aust Sport and Australian Institute of Sport (AIS)

Clearing House for Sport

Using as background the Gemba Report 2012:

Cycling had (in 2012) 17% participation joint third in the 15 sports Surveyed with swimming the top at 33% and sailing at the bottom with 2%
Gender ratios in cycling were 18% male and 15% female
Cycling participation declined from 31% in the 5-9 year age group, 27% in the 65-75 year age group
39% of participants cycle more than once a week
Of the top 15 sports, cycling is third with 8.8point eight% participation and frequency (after gym and swimming)
Future interest insight going showed 5% really interested, 10% neutral, and 69% not interested
Barriers to cycling participation – cost, lack of equipment and who to participate with
Cycling was NOT in the top 5 sports noted as being:
- ageless
- innovative
- Australian
- exciting
- fun
- has integrity
- accessible
- community
- cool
- exclusive
- for older people
- for younger people
- gaining in popularity
- International
- popular or safe

General comments

Sponsorship for programs are likely to be remembered
In my sports males are more dominant
Competition is a very small percentage of participation in sport
Health is improved if participants find enjoyment in the sport
Are there any junior cycling programs like Auskick or Surf Groms or Surf lifesaving Nippers?
Future participant needs should be considered

04/05/201909/05/2019

BikeHack19 Invite

Brisbane is hosting Australia’s first-ever hackathon about bike riding BikeHack19 later this month.

In a similar vein to a 3 Day Start Up or tech Hackathons, this event is focused on solving a problem. In this case, the cycling challenge is…..

How can bike riding be more accessible and appealing in Queensland so people ride bikes more often?

This event is not focused on changing policy, but it is an exploration of any other possibilities that could include bike tech, gamification, design, data, support services or new business ideas.

Anyone over the age of 18 can participate as long as they are not a government employee.

When I went earlier this week to BikeHack19’s info night, I was sitting next to a tech start-up entrepreneur on one side and an engineer on the other. Other people I spoke to came from widely diverse backgrounds including sociologists, researchers, students, town planners, public health academics and programmers. I was surprised at how few cyclists there were.

Here’s the event schedule.

BikeHack19 is promoted as being an opportunity to meet new people and expand networks. As well as working with fellow hackers in teams over the weekend to process their ideas, there are also industry experts, advisors and funders on hand to suggest and mentor teams throughout the process.

Previously, I participated in a 3 Day Start-Up (3DS) intensive which ran 40 Griffith PhD candidates through an entrepreneurial practical intensive on how to develop aspects of their PhD research into a start-up business. It was fun, but very intense. Five key reflections emerged for me from my 3DS experience – insights that I will need to revisit as I consider if I will participate in BikeHack19.

It was interesting to see some of alternative views about BikeHack19’s purpose and objectives being voiced on Reddit. In many cases, online forums and interest groups have a wealth of ideas and comments on localised issues.

Ideas, resources and profiles

A long list of relevant data and an array of resources have been collated to help generate the best ideas – here is a few:

BikeHack19 provides a comprehensive list of data and resources – check it out!

Queensland Bike Strategy’s recent bike riding updates and case studies.

To help focus and refine ideas, the organisers commissioned Enhance Research to look into the issue using a 3-phase research design. They collated findings into 3 ‘profiles’ on the common type of bike riders in Queensland and their motivation.

These profiles (see them below) inform the three challenge categories and can be used as a stimulus ‘target market’ for the teams.

Cash Prizes

Overall, there is $25,000 in prize money – much more than other similar events.

The $25,000 is divided into four cash prizes.

Overall team with best idea: – $10,000

One (1) overall winner prize of $10,000 for ‘best overall idea’ and three category winner prizes ($5,000 each) will go to the teams that come up the best ideas that address each of the three categories:

Active Transport – $5,000 prize
Happy, Healthy Families – $5,000 prize
Tourism and Recreation – $5,000 prize

Winners will be determined by a judging panel on the Sunday night. Prize money will be distributed to each member of the winning team, equally with no strings attached.

What is expected by the end of the weekend?

There are no hard and fast rules on what is expected as a finished ‘product’ to be pitched in the final presentation on Sunday evening. The focus is more on teams working through stages of ideation, process and development of solutions to the challenge.

So if you have an idea about how to get more Queenslanders on bicycles – check out BikeHack19 and pitch your idea.

Who knows maybe your idea will win!

To be part of BikeHack19 will cost you $30. Register here

BikeHack19 is proudly presented by Fishburners Brisbane in collaboration with Aaron Birkby, and is supported by Aurecon and the Dept. of Transport and Roads.

Here are the three profiles:

All images from: BikeHack19 or from the event info night PPT by Enhance Research.

26/04/201907/05/2019

Six Day Brisbane Final

On the weekend I went to the Anna Mears Velodrome for the Six Day Series Final Brisbane.

OMG.

It was AWESOME!

I’ve never been to Six Day cycling event before. I was there at the invitation of World Bicycle Relief (Australia). It was my pleasure to help them out for the event. Not only was I supporting a good cause, but I got to watch some incredible racing, meet my favourite inter/national cyclists, chat with some big-wigs and mingle with cycling-mad punters all night! Horray!

The Anna Meares Velodrome is the perfect stadium for this kind of event. I was stoked to see some of the world’s best track cyclists in live action – especially how they whiz so confidently around the 48-degree velodrome banks – eck!

There are excellent views and seating all around the outside of the track as well as a walk tunnel that went under the velodrome and let you into the centre. Inside the velodrome, there was a bar, a few trade exhibitions, the DJ stage, the podium/race ramp, and activities on one side, and the athletes compound on the other.

As support of the riders and in the spirit of the event, I wore my recycled bicycle parts and inner-tube outfit. This outfit includes a cog steampunk-style hat, a bodice of inner tubes interwoven across the front, a bike chain chandelier belted skirt and a necklace of made of inner tubes and BMX parts. A genuine (be)spoke outfit! (*aw dad!*). It was the perfect thing to wear. Lots of people stopped to ask about it and see the details. It was lovely to see how much people appreciated the effort, materials and appropriacy of the outfit for the event.

The music and light show was an unexpected bonus. The DJ played a continuous stream of banging beats supported by impressive party-style lighting. The whole overall effect was like being in the ultimate sports-and-dance club = a very exciting party atmosphere. People were even dancing. Beers, Beats and Bikes!

The place was packed each day. There were families, couples, groups of friends and kids galore. I talked to people who had come diligently every day and others who had no idea what the event was but had been given a ticket so came along to check it out. Everyone agreed it was a wonderful format to experience cycling. The atmosphere as electric, the races were so close you couldn’t help but be affected by the environment, excitement and energy of the action.

I also had the chance to chat with a few of my favorite Aussie cyclists like Amy Cure and Olympian Shane Perkins. Considering they had just finished racing and had much to do (and lots of people to talk to), I was impressed that they still made time to come into the crowd and mingle, have a chat and hang out with some of their fans after racing. What true champs!

The race formats included various scratch and points races including Madison, Elimination, Derny Racing, Women’s Omnium, 200m Time Trials and Kirin. Some of the formats like the Madison were new to me, but after I understood what it entailed (see video below), the racing took on a whole new intensity.

Cyclists like Mark Cavendish, Bradley Wiggins and Australian superstars Callum Scotson and nine-time World Champion Cameron Meyer (who won the Six Day London event in 2017) have competed at the European Six Day Series.

I had a brilliant time and will definitely go again.

A huge thank you to Dagmar, Ali, Scott and World Bicycle Relief for the opportunity to go to this event and for making my time there so enjoyable.

22/04/201927/04/2019

More space. Bicycle Politics: Review Essay. (4 of 4)

Here is the fourth and last in the US bicycle politics review essay series written by Dr Jennifer Bonham. This review detailed three key texts. The first post outlined the socio-political context to set the scene. The second post reviewed the book ‘Pedal Power: The quiet rise of the bicycle in American public life’ while the last post focused on Zack Furness’ ‘One Less Car: Bicycling and the Politics of Automobility’. This post looks at Jeff Mapes’ Pedaling Revolution: How Cyclists are Changing American Cities’ which rounds off a very comprehensive and informed discussion about the history and activities of bicycle politics in the USA. This book in an especially valuable inclusion to this discussion given that according to Dr Bonham ‘it comes the closest to conjuring a culture of cycling which values diverse mobilities’ of all the books reviewed. A massive thank you to Dr Bonham for sharing her research, thoughts and passion. Enjoy! NG.

Mapes, J. (2009). Pedaling revolution: How cyclists are changing American cities. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.

More Space

Jeff Mapes’ Pedaling Revolution: How Cyclists are Changing American Cities targets a general readership as he traces changes in the status and popularity of cycling in the United States. A senior political reporter with The Oregonian, Mapes’ sympathy for bicycling is informed by debates over the livability of American cities, health and the built environment, and the costs of suburbanization and automobile-oriented transport systems. Mapes does not explicitly challenge fundamental notions of technological progress or dominant values of individualism and materialism. Rather, he argues, automobile-oriented transport systems bring a range of problems—suburban sprawl, affordability, exclusion and constraint— that will worsen into the future. His analysis is concerned with the formal political institutions—parliament, elected and appointed officials in all spheres of government, legislation, funding arrangements—he believes are essential to increasing bicycle use.

Mapes introduces his book with a description of the different people to be observed riding bicycles in North American cities today. As he challenges cycling stereotypes, he is also quite aware this latest turn to bicycling may be short lived, just one more crest in a series of highs and lows that reach from the nineteenth to the twenty-first centuries. The bright moments for “everyday” cycling in the United States have occurred under “not so everyday” conditions. The 1940s boom came with wartime petrol rationing and the 1970s boom amid the fuel shortages of the oil crisis. But Mapes traces threads from the 1970s to the present day as he identifies the people (bike advocates, bureaucrats, industry representatives, politicians), maps the legislation (ISTEA), and describes the ideas and programs (e.g. Safe Routes to School) he believes have enabled a recent resurgence in cycling.

Once he has positioned the United States on the brink of change, Mapes turns his attention to the Netherlands for a glimpse of what the future might hold. He provides a detailed description of the infrastructure, road rules, etiquette, legislation, and funding arrangements in place in the Netherlands. Mapes emphasizes the importance of the Dutch government’s political will in re-orienting the transport system to accommodate all modes of transport (not just the automobile) and, in contrast to Wray, he explains this re-orientation largely in terms of the 1970s oil crisis.

Mapes, like Wray, discusses the various roles played by bike advocates, advocacy groups, activist events and sympathetic politicians in developing a culture of cycling in U.S. cities. The discussion is rich with examples as he takes readers on a cycling tour of three U.S. cities: the university town of Davis, California; Portland, Oregon; and New York. Combining tour with commentary, Mapes describes the streets he cycles along and uses buildings, landmarks, and pieces of infrastructure as entry points into the network of people, organizations, events and opportunities he argues have been instrumental in the development of local cycling cultures. The “bicycle tour” through these cities is particularly useful as it situates cycling within the broader context of debates about public space, sub/urbanization, urban planning and transport. In doing this, Mapes draws back from the car versus bike dichotomy bringing into view myriad elements, actions and relations that make up the urban landscape and shape mobility practices today.

Mapes’ cycling advocacy is keen but measured. In the final chapters, he focuses on the three issues he clearly considers to be at the heart of livable cities: cyclist safety, health, and children’s independent mobility. He presents a useful summary of the contrasting views of “cyclist safety” from prominent U.S. cycling activists—including John Forester’s “vehicular cycling,” Randy Neufield’s traffic calming approach and Anne Lusk’s segregated bikeways—and discusses their implications for transport infrastructure, public space and the conduct of the journey by bike.

These debates currently reverberate in developed and developing countries across the globe. As Mapes places the bicycle within a broader sub/urban context, he presents research into the health benefits of cycling alongside discussions between geographers, planners, transport, and health researchers on the role of the built environment in facilitating— or not—active modes of travel. Finally, Mapes examines the decline of cycling in children’s everyday mobility in the United States and discusses the competing concerns over sedentary lifestyles, children‘s independent mobility and parental responsibilities.

Pedaling Revolution is not explicit in its theoretical underpinnings nor does it problematize the power relations through which bicycles/bicycling/ bicyclists have been marginalized in contemporary American culture. Further, Mapes’ discussion of bicycle culture tends to be overshadowed by the role he attributes to politicians and bureaucrats in bringing about change. But what is crucially important about Pedaling Revolution is that it places cycling within a broader spatial and mobility context than either Wray or Furness allow. In doing this, Mapes comes closest to conjuring a culture of cycling which values diverse mobilities.

Centering Cycling?

Each of these books advocates for cycling as they explore its position in the United States and reflect on bringing about change. They are important in their efforts to persuade a broader audience—beyond the committed cyclist—of the benefits of public investment in cycling; demonstrating alternative (more or less radical) ways of being in the world; providing insights into how cycling advocates and sympathizers have intervened in decision-making processes; the rich and detailed examples of the individuals, groups, places, and processes that have been pivotal in fostering change—and the pitfalls to be overcome.

However, their efforts to centre cycling within their respective analyses meet with mixed success. As Wray and Furness introduce cycling through a dichotomous relation with the automobile, the bicycle is immediately “de-centered” and, despite demonstrating alternative futures the struggle for change remains daunting. Their political strategy is to “grow” cycling cultures outward into the broader population so that an increasing number of people come into the “fold” of cycling. Arguably, Mapes retains cycling at the centre of the analysis through reference to broader spatial and mobility contexts. In doing this, his strategy is to foster general conditions which value cycling—a culture which welcomes bicycling without demanding mass participation or positioning cyclists as victims needing concessions or protests.

Dr Jennifer Bonham is a senior lecturer in the School of Social Sciences, University of Adelaide. She has a background in human geography specializing in urbanization and cultural practices of travel. Her research focuses on devalued mobilities as it explores the complex relationship between bodies, spaces, practices, and meanings of travel. Her current research explores the gendering of cycling. Jennifer’s work is informed by a concern for equitable and ecologically sustainable cities.

Contact details: School of Social Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia. jennifer.bonham@adelaide.edu.au

This excerpt is from: Bonham, J. (2011). Bicycle politics: Review essay. Transfers, 1(1), 137. doi:10.3167/trans.2011.010110.

Images and hyperlinks included here are not part of the original publication.

17/04/201926/04/2019

Less Cars. Bicycle Politics: Review Essay. (3 of 4)

Welcome back to this third post in a series of four taken from Dr Jennifer Bonham’s Bicycle Politics Review Essay IDEAS IN MOTION: ON THE BIKE. In the first post, Dr Bonham provided the background and context for the three bicycle politics books she reviews. The second post reviewed the book ‘Pedal Power: The quiet rise of the bicycle in American public life’. In this post, she reviews Zack Furness’s ‘One Less Car: Bicycling and the Politics of Automobility’. This book is a personal favourite of mine. I have a copy on my desk and I love that this book is a reiteration of Furness’s PhD Dissertation. It was also the first time I saw the term BIKETIVISM. Books like this one keep me motivated in my own community bicycle PhD research. If you get a chance, read this book. It is comprehensive, thought-provoking, full of interesting bike facts and is incredibly well-researched. A must read for any cyclist! Thanks again to Dr Bonham. Enjoy! NG.

Furness, Z. (2010). One less car: Bicycling and the politics of automobility. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.

Less Cars

Zack Furness is an assistant professor in cultural studies at Columbia College, Chicago. His book One Less Car: Bicycling and the Politics of Automobility is a revised version of his Ph.D. dissertation and it is impressive in its scope and detail. Furness carves out a place for
cycling both in the formation of automobility, which he locates in the late
nineteenth century, and as a point of resistance to it. The bicycle, he argues,
played a central role in a series of cultural transformations in “mobility,
technology, and space” (16). These transformations included the construction of a “mobile subjectivity,” the development of a meaning system around personal transportation and the disciplining of bodies and environment to long-distance, independent mobility (17).

These transformations, according to Furness, were key components in the new “system of automobility.”9 Following from this, the automobile did not initiate cultural transformations; rather, the automobile itself “made sense” because these transformations had already taken place. Furness acknowledges cycling was not alone in bringing about some of these changes but he regards it as a proto-type of automoblity so that “automobiles provided an almost logical solution to the culture of mobility forged by cyclists and the bicycle industry” (45).

Having argued that cycling played a key role in the formation of automobility, the substantive chapters of One Less Car operate as point and counterpoint to the automobile norm. In Chapter Three, Furness discusses the early twentieth century growth in automobile ownership, legislative changes regarding conduct on the streets, and the modification of public space to facilitate motor vehicle movement. These changes are explained in terms of the automobile-industrial complex, which facilitated production and consumption on a massive scale. The discussion then turns to cycling as a point of resistance to this complex. Furness locates the emergence of U.S. cycle activism in the 1960s/1970s and places cycling organizations, advocacy groups and activism at the centre of challenges to the automobile that run through to the present day. Like Wray, he explores the role of different political actors and actions in creating alternative mobility cultures, illustrating the case with a detailed and multi-layered account of Critical Mass.10

Moving to contemporary society, Furness is particularly concerned with the mechanisms by which cycling is devalued in relation to the automobile and focuses on specific cultural products—film, television shows, road- safety pedagogy and news reporting—for the way they have created and maintained automobile norms. Bike riding characters in films such as Pee- wee’s Big Adventure and television shows like Get a Life infantilize and emasculate cyclists while road-safety “documentaries” effectively prepare child-bicyclists to become adult-motorists. In terms of news reporting, he argues, cycling has been represented favorably in times of crisis—the war effort and petrol rationing—but more recently power relations have been turned on their head as motorists are positioned as victims of the inept or elitist behavior of cyclists.

Less Cars. Bicycle Politics: Review Essay. 3 of 4. Bicycles Create Change.com. 17th April, 2019. — Image: Contra Texts

As a counterpoint to these negative representations, the remaining chapters offer thick descriptions of cycling sub-cultures in the U.S. These chapters are the real strength of One Less Car, offering insights into an aspect of U.S. cycling that, until recently, has been overlooked. They examine the linkages within specific sub-cultural groups between bicycling, environmentalism, community development and anti-consumption. These include the “Do it Yourself/Do It Ourselves” ethos of the punk musicians who have embraced bicycling, bike messengers and mutant bike clubs.

Furness also explores the important role of community bike projects within disadvantaged localities as they provide places for people to gather and access resources and knowledge that is usually unavailable. He examines the role that specific projects have played in supplying bikes to people within their own local communities and, with a more critical eye, the place of such projects in developing countries as they assist in creating alternative global networks.

Furness also examines the more problematic aspects of cycling sub-culture—the pervasive sexism of cycling in the U.S. and the assumptions that underpin bicycle projects in developing countries. Furness finishes the book with a brief review of the shift of bike manufacturing out of the U.S. to low-wage countries and contemplates the potential of the industry to once again provide employment in the U.S.

Furness attempts to place the bicycle at the centre of the analysis but, like Wray, he re-inscribes the bicycle/automobile dichotomy and despite paying careful attention to one set of cultural transformations he ignores others. Furness does not draw attention to the micro-political processes through which decisions about the material formation of cars and bikes have been (and continue to be) made. Nor does he relate the bicycle or the automobile to broader discussions in the late nineteenth century about the spatialization of activities and the development of cities, which included the urban industrial economy; urban efficiency, sub/urbanization and public health. Although Furness examines contestation within the various cultural transformations he describes, there is an air of finality in these transformations that offers little hope of change.

Finally, as Furness identifies bicycle activism as the key point of resistance to the automobile in the anti-freeway protests of the 1960s/1970s, he overlooks the efforts of local communities, built environment professionals, politicians, and academics in questioning freeway planning.

Notes

10. Critical Mass is a regularly staged bike ride in cities around the world that brings cyclists together in a blend of political statement and celebration of cyclists.

Contact details: School of Social Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia. jennifer.bonham@adelaide.edu.au

This excerpt is from: Bonham, J. (2011). Bicycle politics: Review Essay. Transfers, 1(1), 137. doi:10.3167/trans.2011.010110.

Images and hyperlinks included here are not part of the original publication.

12/04/201926/04/2019

Pedal Power. Bicycle Politics: Review Essay. (2 of 4)

Welcome back to this second post in a series of four taken from Dr Jennifer Bonham’s Bicycle Politics Review Essay IDEAS IN MOTION: ON THE BIKE. In the last post, Dr Bonham (Uni of Adelaide) provided an introduction and background for this essay and established the histo-politico-social context. This post reviews the first (of three) American books on Bicycle Politics. Thanks again to Dr Bonham. If you have not yet read this book, check out this review and see if you want to head to your local library for more. Enjoy! NG.

Wray, J. H. (2008). Pedal power: The quiet rise of the bicycle in American public life. Boulder, CA: Paradigm Publishers.

Pedal Power

J. Harry Wray’s Pedal Power: The Quiet Rise of the Bicycle in American Public Life is an immensely readable account of the nascent shift toward bike friendliness in the United States. Wray has written both a cycling advocacy text and, as a professor of politics at De Paul University in Chicago, an accessible introductory text for students taking courses in culture and politics. Each chapter offers an entry point into discussions about the nature of politics, political theory, the mechanisms that foster particular meanings and values over others, and the processes of political struggle and change.

The early chapters of Pedal Power establish the background for the pivotal third chapter after which the discussion turns to the development of a bicycle culture and the process of creating political change. Wray opens his case with a “bicycle view” strategy—that of the touring cyclist— to contrast the embodied experiences and social interactions enabled through cycling and car driving. He uses a familiar set of concepts in making this comparison: the surface of the road reverberating through the body; muscles responding to topography; elements assailing the flesh.

Further, the fact of sitting “on” a bike and “in” a car facilitates different types of relations with co-travelers (those who walk, ride, drive (passenger) alongside), “by-standers” (those not going anywhere—for the moment), and other species and things. Wray links these different experiences of mobility to different political positions arguing the bicyclist tends to a more progressive (and preferable) politics as the cyclist is always located within his/her context whereas driving tends to isolate and insulate motorists from their environment.

Clearly, the bicycle and the motorcar will enable different experiences and interactions but Wray misses a number of opportunities by simplifying the argument into a bicycle versus car dichotomy. It works toward fixing differences between cars and bikes and smoothes over the processes through which bodies, machines, materials, spaces, and concepts have been, and continue to be, wrought together. Further, it limits our view of other ways of getting around and the diversity of experiences and interactions these enable. To illustrate this point, we could assemble cycling (racing, utility, etc.), walking (jogging, running), taking the tram, bus or train, riding a scooter, wheelchair or sled, skateboarding, being a passenger in a car, driving a truck, taxi or automobile, rickshaw cycling, parcour and rollerblading. We could then question the apparatuses through which these particular categories have been created, or excised, from the mass of human experience and bracketed into discrete sets of mobility. Picking apart these categories (the practices, emotions, concepts, materials and interactions they entail) is a political tactic through which we would scramble our existing categories, create new ones and challenge the valuing or prioritization of any one set of practices over another. The point Wray makes in contrasting bicycling and driving is to challenge the privilege accorded to motoring practices. However, he also re-inscribes the car/bike hierarchy as he seeks to value the very characteristics through which cycling has been devalued.

The second and third chapters contrast the politics and culture of bike riding in the Netherlands and the United States. Wray explains bicycle culture in the Netherlands in terms of a sense of shared responsibility and a political pragmatism that was brought to bear on the 1960s/1970s backlash against the motor vehicle. This explanation prepares the ground for a discussion of cycling and motoring in relation to the core American values of individualism and materialism. He is specifically concerned with whether and how cycling and motoring foster and extend each of these values. The “myth” of individualism, and its strong links to materialism, are explained as the outcome of the country’s Protestant roots, (initial) fluid class system and the stories Americans tell about their long frontier history. This individualism was transformed through the process of industrialization where it was reconstituted as “personal product choices” (61).

It is within this context that the motor vehicle figures as a symbol and mechanism for the further elaboration of consumption and individualism. The motorcar represents the U.S.’s extreme form of individualism— isolation and separation. Writing in the lead-up to the 2008 election campaign, Wray argues that growing disillusionment and discontent in the United States provides fertile ground for alternative cultural norms. The bicycle is a symbol of that alternative. Importantly, Wray links the bicycle to both a “tamer” form of individualism and community cohesion. Rather than the bicycle being a “private” means of transport, Wray emphasizes the particular social interactions it enables thereby making a powerful challenge to the traditional public/private transport dichotomy.

The second half of Pedal Power is devoted to challenging current cultural norms, the mechanisms by which participation in everyday cycling is being encouraged and the role of different players working inside and outside formal political processes to revalue the bicycle. Wray devotes a chapter each to the role of: individual cyclists and advocates who provide alternative ways of seeing and being in the world; bike advocacy groups which reinforce each other as they lobby for funding and legislative changes from the national through to the local scale; bicycle activism that engages the wider citizenry in bicycle politics by encouraging participation in myriad bike-related activities; and sympathetic politicians who can influence legislation and funding decisions to further the interests of cycling. These chapters are alive with detail as Wray offers numerous examples of the people, groups, activities, and legislative changes he believes are facilitating a culture of bicycle use and political change.

Contact details: School of Social Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia. jennifer.bonham@adelaide.edu.au

This excerpt is from: Bonham, J. (2011). Bicycle politics: Review essay. Transfers, 1(1), 137. doi:10.3167/trans.2011.010110.

Images included here are not part of the original publication.

08/04/201926/04/2019

The Solution of Cycling. Bicycle Politics: Review Essay. (1 of 4)

Work on my community bicycle PhD research project requires me to read a lot of academic literature on bikes. Whilst it is my immense pleasure, there is always more to read. Recently, I came across a review essay by Dr Jennifer Bonham (University of Adelaide) that summarised and appraised three key (and popular) American ‘bicycle politics’ books. This essay a very interesting read as it identifies critical histo-politico-social aspects of bicycling from each of the books in an accessible, succinct and thoughtful way. Woohoo! What a gift! So here is Dr Bonham’s full essay IDEAS IN MOTION: ON THE BIKE as a series of four blog posts. This first post covers the intro and background, followed by three more – one post each reviewing, in turn, the three bicycle books below. A massive thank you to Jennifer for her analytical synthesis explaining why riding a bike is a political act. Enjoy! NG.

Wray, J. H. (2008). Pedal power: The quiet rise of the bicycle in American public life. Boulder, CA: Paradigm Publishers.
Furness, Z. (2010). One less car: Bicycling and the politics of automobility. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Mapes, J. (2009). Pedaling revolution: How cyclists are changing American cities. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.

Bicycle Politics: Review Essay. The Solution of Cycling. 1 of 4. Bicycles Create Change.com. 8th April, 2019. — Image: Golfian.com

Introduction: The Solution of Cycling

by Dr Jennifer Bonham (University of Adelaide).

Since the mid-1990s, bicycling has been identified as a solution to problems ranging from climate change and peak oil to urban livability, congestion and public health. A plethora of guidelines, strategies, policy statements, plans and behavior change programs have been produced— especially in industrialized countries—in an effort to encourage cycling. Despite many localities registering increases in cycling over the past decade, English-speaking countries such as Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and United States continue to have extremely low national rates of cycling. The benefits of cycling are widely accepted and barriers well documented but changes are slow, uneven, and often contested. The disjuncture between government rhetoric and commitment to bicycling (via legislation, funding, infrastructure) foregrounds the broader cultural and political context within which cycling is located.

Implementing pro-cycling1 policies is difficult in cultural contexts where bicycles/bicyclists are set in a hierarchical relation with automobiles/ motorists and the latter valued over the former. It is equally difficult to effect cultural change when decision makers fail to prioritize cycling on the political agenda. A key research problem has been to understand how the hierarchical relation between different travel practices has been established and reproduced. Often, this problem is approached by centering the automobile in the analysis:2 a tactic which positions the motor vehicle in a series of dichotomous relations with “other” travel practices—private/public, motorized/non-motorized, choice/captive.

Such dichotomous approaches have been widely criticized for re-creating rather than undermining established hierarchies.3 An alternative tactic involves unpicking the mechanisms through which these categories are produced and bodies are differentially valued. Recently the bike has been placed at the centre of the analysis in an effort to unsettle its persistent marginalization. However, this type of analysis will be limited if it simply reproduces the bicycle/automobile dichotomy.

Throughout the late twentieth century, “cyclists” and everyday practices of cycling have been constituted through concepts and research practices within the field of transport and positioned as problematic—in terms of safety, efficiency, orderliness. But the past 15 years4 have seen researchers from a range of disciplines—health, political science, geography, sociology, urban planning and transport—creating new “versions” of cycling.5 As they centre bicycling in their work and offer recommendations on “what is lacking” and “what should change” they also provide insights into the mechanisms by which cyclists have been explicitly excluded from or marginalized within public space, academic study and public policy. This literature is a fundamental part of political and cultural change not so much for the veracity of its claims but in re-constituting cycling as an object of study and opening the path to alternative ways of thinking about and practicing mobility.

From the early 2000s, there has been a steady growth in research into practices of cycling and cycling sub-cultures.6 Arguably, this ethnographically oriented work can be traced to Michel de Certeau’s seminal essay Walking in the City,7 which made apparent the historical and cultural specificity of contemporary travel practices. There has been a steady growth in research into particular travel/mobility practices and sub-cultural groups who identify through their mobility.8 The study of local cycling groups and cycling sub-cultures challenges hegemonic meanings, which devalue bicycling, and offers alternative mobility futures. They can also link bike riders to more mainstream values and beliefs thereby questioning their marginal status. The very practice of riding a bike and/ or being part of a cycling sub-culture is implicitly political as it challenges dominant forms of mobility. However, some individuals and sub-cultural groups are explicitly political as they use the subject position of cyclist as a means by which to resist exclusion and advocate for bike riding.

The books reviewed in this paper examine the bicycle culture-politics nexus in the context of the United States. They provide explanations for the marginalization of cycling but more particularly they are concerned with how to bring about change. Each author addresses culture and politics to different degrees, recognizing them as inextricably linked but emphasizing one or the other in their analyses. They draw upon research from health and environmental sciences, architecture, urban, and transport planning to support their arguments rather than reflecting on this knowledge as a fundamental part of contemporary culture or cultural change. Culture is discussed in terms of the sites through which meanings are attached to cycling—especially film and television, literature, advertising, and news reporting—and how these are being challenged through the bicycle cultures and everyday mobility practices that form part of a growing social movement in cycling.

Notes

Pedestrians, public transport users, scooter riders, roller bladers and so forth could be included along with cycling.
For example, James Flink, The Car Culture (Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1975); Peter Freund and George Martin, The Ecology of the Automobile (Montreal: Black Rose Books Ltd 1993); Mimi Sheller and John Urry, “The City and the Car,” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 24 no. 4 (2000): 737–757.
Feminists from Butler to Hekman have been at the forefront of this critique. Judith Butler, Gender Trouble (New York: Routledge, 1990); Susan Hekman, The Material of Knowledge: Feminist Disclosures (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2010).
This timeline reflects research into everyday cycling in English-speaking countries.
Borrowing Annemarie Mol’s theorization of different versions of reality, I want to suggest we do not have a single object (the cyclist) which is studied through a different lens by each discipline; rather we create the cyclist in different ways through the methodologies we use within each discipline. Annemarie Mol, The Body Multiple: Ontology in Medical Practice (Durham: Duke University Press, 2002).
The Ethnographies of Cycling workshop held at Lancaster University in 2009 included presentations from a number of researchers working in this area since the early 2000s. http://www.lancs.ac.uk/fass/centres/cemore/event/2982/
Michel de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984).

Contact details: School of Social Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia. jennifer.bonham@adelaide.edu.au

This excerpt is from: Bonham, J. (2011). Bicycle politics: Review essay. Transfers, 1(1), 137. doi:10.3167/trans.2011.010110.

Images included here are not part of the original publication.

31/03/201920/04/2019

Brisbane Bicycle Film Festival 2019

This guest blog post by Jen Sheean is about the Brisbane Bicycle Film Festival. Onthe night, The Style over Speed crew rode from Brisbane city to the cinema at St Lucia, where the incredible cycOZ performed an infectious bicycle-inspired percussion set on arrival (see end photos). Last year, Bella and I entered our film Leki, which took out the People’s Choice Award. This year, I gave my tickets to Jen, a fellow singlespeed MTBer who had not been to the festival before. Not only did Jen have a good time, but she kindly wrote a summary of the films shown. Thanks so much Jen! See you all at the Brisbane Bicycle Film Festival next year! Enjoy! NG.

Brisbane Bicycle Film Festival 2019

Thanks to the generosity of Nina, my husband and I spent a slightly wet Friday night at the Schonell Theatre in UQ enjoying the Brisbane Bicycle Film Festival.

It was a wonderful night and very well-attended. As I understand it, the change this year to a bigger venue meant that the previously sold-out event still had some tickets available. This is a great development because, in my opinion, more people should head to it and see what it has to offer.

I plan to go again!

The first half of the night saw some announcements from Mark Bailey, the Minister for Cycling (as I understand is his preferred title having moved on from being mangocube), about the newly opened Gateway Bicycle Path and some upcoming projects for more bicycle paths in the northern suburbs of Brisbane. Announcements of more paths are always a happy thing in this somewhat cycling challenged city of ours.

Space for Cycling is the organiser of the event and they should be congratulated on how smoothly it ran. Their drive to push for safer ways to travel by bicycle in the CBD appears boundless – and I hope they see some decent success soon.

After the formalities, it was on to the short films competing for prizes, including the People’s Choice Award which was won last year by a film in which the indefatigable Nina was heavily involved.

Brisbane Bike Bites

These short films must be no more than 5 minutes and have some connection to both Brisbane and cycling. There was a range of approaches to these very broad criteria but that just added to the fun.

The first film was called I Love to Ride My Bicycle. It was a spiffy 1:37 long but it had everyone laughing from beginning to end. The concept was simple but brilliantly executed.

The next was The Gate. Another simple concept but the credits were the real star of this film. They were full of tongue-in-cheek references greatly appreciated by the audience – so much so that they (the film makers not the credits) took out the People’s Choice Award.

Pedal-mentry provided a fascinating look at a club that is populated by people who have customised their bicycles. Some of the creations were totally whacky! But the individuality shown by all of the bicycles is a testament to the creativity of their owners.

On the Fly followed a ride around Brisbane. Then it had a cat at the end. I really liked the cat.

Club Song Film was true to its name. It showcased the vocal talents of a penny farthing club. They all dressed in era-specific garb and seemed to be having a jolly old time in their singalong around the piano.

Inspired by a similar era, A Jaunty Jaunt took out first prize. The highlight was the juxtaposition of the olde time costume and penny farthing bicycle of the main character and his meeting with his modern day counterpart. It was a truly fun concept.

Finally, the last bite sized film was The Epic of Spring Hill. This faux-documentary about an intrepid pair attempting to summit Spring Hill was a delight from start to finish. The bike skills on display while riding City Cycles were impressive but I particularly liked when they decided to climb the steps up to the summit using a rope and the lead climber thought briefly about cutting the rope holding his companion. Spoiler alert: They did reach the summit by bike but it appears their claim to be the first to do so has been disputed.

The Main Feature

These very clever short films were followed by the main feature. The Bicycles of Wrath is a film in which 5 mates from Victoria decide to follow, by bike, the route taken by the ill-fated Joad family in the Steinbeck novel, The Grapes of Wrath.

It was beautifully done and showcased the generosity of those with little to give in a way that nicely mirrored Steinbeck’s underlying theme. I truly enjoyed it. I’d recommend it to anyone who is interested in Steinbeck, bicycles, travel or human nature.

We left the event wondering how it is we’d never been before.

That said, we will be there next year and I recommend you consider going as well!

04/03/201909/03/2019

CWRB Breakfast Event

This week, I attended the Chicks Who Ride Bikes (CWRB) first event for the year – the Climb Every Mountain Breakfast.

Last month, I posted about this event and how much I was looking forward to it. The breakfast was hosted by Olympian and cycling commentator Katey Bates who was joined by panelists Aussie cycling legend Loren Rowney and Media guru Jane Aubrey. Unfortunately, Chief CWRB Jordana Blackman couldn’t make it. It was a great way to start the day, the morning was glorious and I really liked the early breakfast format. I got there just ahead of time, signed in and headed out onto the Ship Inn deck to grab a coffee and mingle.

The format allowed for social time on arrival for the first half an hour, then we sat down for breakfast, where we got to meet a whole new group of people at the table. Then the panel took to the stage for a discussion and Q & A, and prizes were given out at the end.

I didn’t have to rush off for work so was also able to hang around and chat some more at the end as well which was an extra bonus!

The view overlooking Southbank from the deck was a wonderful backdrop. The coffee kicked in early and people were mingling and networking. I had a couple of lovely chats to new people and made sure I sat with people I hadn’t yet meet when we sat down for breakfast.

The panel discussion was very interesting.

I like the discussion-style, open, unscripted approach. The stories, challenges and success that Loren Rowney and Loretta Bayliss each shared were poignant, heartfelt and honest. They both have had such different interests, approaches, trajectories, choices and struggles.

Loren spoke of what happened when she was selected to be on the Australian Olympic Cycling Team, how she has dealt with her infamous crash and what she has been working on since.

Loretta drew on her love of mountain climbing, the importance of her ‘tribe’ when building an IT company and the role her children have had in shaping her understandings of life and herself.

Katey was a consumate host: there were laughs and contrasts, a good variety in questions, and she expertly linked panelist insights back to the collective audience.

There is a real power in hearing personal experiences first-hand!

There were many highlights, but a few standouts were the personal nature of the event, the vulnerability of the speakers, the friendliness of the attendees, and having a social event that doesn’t involve alcohol.

My favorite aspect of this event was simply having the designated time to meet and talk to a new group of women who I would otherwise not have met – and that we all had a common passion out of which other connections, ideas and topics emerged.

A big thank you to all those who attended – and to the organisers for putting on such an enjoyable and interesting event.

What a wonderful inaugural #CWRB event to kick-start the year!